![]() Pencils aren’t really a notable object, writes Henry Petroski in The Pencil: A History of Design and Circumstance, but they shape how people do their work. He bought the patent for these postcards from another stationer, Green writes, but they came to bear his name, being called the “Lipman card.” And Lipman was the first to produce and sell blank postcards in the United States, in 1873. He devised a methods for binding papers with an eyelet that preceded the stapler by two decades. Lipman was also America’s first envelope manufacturer, and it was he who had the idea of adding adhesive to the back flap, so as to make sealing easier. Over his career, though, Lipman also made a number of contributions to the 19th-century office, Green writes: “This, however, is not invention within the patent law.” “It may be more convenient to turn over the different ends of the same stick than to lay down one stick and take up another,” the decision noted. Lipman essentially imagined the pencil as having a graphite end and a rubber eraser end. He took another company to court over their use of his patent, only for it to be invalidated by the court’s decision, which stated that Lipman merely combined two existing things, but didn’t really produce something new. Reckendorfer also didn't get much use out of the patent. After gaining it, he sold it to Joseph Reckendorfer in 1862, writes Green, for about $2 million in today’s money. Lipman’s name hasn’t gone down in history, maybe because he didn’t manage to hold on to his patent. But until the 1770s, the preferred tool used to erase pencil marks was balled-up bread. Graphite pencils had been around since the 1500s, writes David Green for Haaretz. Rather than being glued onto the end, Lipman envisioned a pencil with a chunk of rubber eraser in the core that could be accessed by sharpening it, the same way you would a pencil lead. Lipman patented something that seems incredibly obvious in hindsight: a regular pencil, with an eraser on the end.Īlthough Lipman is credited with this innovation, his pencil with eraser looked a little different than its modern descendant. The trailer looked terrific but the movie despite it's best endeavours to immortalise the man - actually makes you lose all sympathy for him and strangely you feel unmoved by his predicament at the end.On this day in 1868, Philadelphia stationery store owner H.L. ![]() No real insight to the creative spirit of the man and she lost interest and went to bed. I don't think that was the intention of the film-makers! Towards the end of the film, I turned to my wife and whispered to her that this film despite its best impulses, actually damns Oscar Wilde as a self indulgent narcissist. It's not very good because the writer's vision splendid didn't really cut through or know what it sought to portray except to say - "I love Oscar Wilde!" Because in the end, we as passive viewers don't really care about Oscar at all. It strikes me as the type of film a real enthusiast for Oscar Wilde would make as a homage to the man and then struggle through heaps of revisions and funding cuts and criticism from various studios to get it made and then at the end - prove that the critics were right. Hey, the scenery, the camera work and attention to detail is great. Fails to ignite and in the end feels like a muddled wet blanket excuse for a movie making experience. I wanted to like this film a lot but it fails to excite.
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